HOMICIDES AND SUICIDES IN RELATION TO INEQUALITY IN LATIN AMERICA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37135/kai.03.09.01Keywords:
inequidad, pobreza, homicidios, suicidios, América LatinaAbstract
The relationship between inequity and violence has been studied within a set of databases and in specific cases, in most studies a positive correlation is found. The case of Latin America is lost in global databases, therefore, there is not a study of only the region that tries to see the relationship between homicides and suicides and inequity. To answer this question, the correlation between inequity, poverty, with homicides and suicides in 13 Latin American countries, from 1990 to 2018, is analyzed through a linear regression within the generalized least squares method. Even though most global studies, with large databases, present a positive correlation, in the case of the Ibero-American region, the there is a low correlation.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Allen, J. A. V. (2001). Poverty as a Form of Violence. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 4(2-3), 45-59. https://doi.org/10.1300/J137v04n02_03
Arnaudo, J., Querol, L. y Pérez, G. (2003). Crisis del Tequila: sus efectos sobre el sistema financiero argentino y sus normas prudenciales. Trabajo final de Maestría en Dirección de Empresas. Universidad del Cema. https://repositorio.uca.edu.ar/handle/123456789/2240
Arroyo Abad, L., & Astorga Junquera, P. (2017). Latin American earnings inequiality in the long run. Cliometrica, 11(3), 349-374. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11698-016-0150-9
Asturias Corporación Universitaria. (2015). Multicolinealidad, Heterocedasticidad, Autocorrelación. Nota técnica. Asturias Corporación Universitaria. https://www.centro-virtual.com/recursos/biblioteca/pdf/econometria/unidad3_pdf1.pdf
Banco Mundial. (2020). Índice de Gini. Recuperado el 22 de septiembre de 2020, de https://datos.bancomundial.org/indicador/SI.POV.GINI?locations=BR-AR-CL-EC-PE-CO-BO
Chacón, S., & Banda, H. (2005). La crisis financiera mexicana de 1994: una visión política-económica. Foro Internacional, XLV(3), 445-465. https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=59921013004
Baronio, A., & Vianco, A. (2014). Datos de Panel. 1-24. http://www.econometricos.com.ar/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/datos-de-panel.pdf
Becker, G. S. (1968). Crime and punishment: An economic approach. Journal of Political Economy, 76(2), 169-217. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1830482
Blau, J. R., & Blau, P. M. (1982). The Cost of Inequality: Metropolitan Structure and Violent Crime. American Sociological Review, 47(1), 114–129. https://doi.org/10.2307/2095046
Machado, D.B., Rasella, D., dos Santos, D.N. (2015) Impact of Income Inequality and Other Social Determinants on Suicide Rate in Brazil. PLOS ONE, 10(4): e0124934. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0124934
Bourguignon, F. (1998). Crime as a Social Cost of Poverty and Inequality: A Review Focusing on Developing Countries (unpublished manuscripts). World Bank, Development Economics Research Groups.
Braithwaite, J. (1979). Inequality, crime and public policy. Londrés: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
Casquel, E., & Uriel, E. (2000). Un estudio comparativo del estimador de Mínimos Cuadrados Generalizados para modelos de Panel. Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Económicas, S.A. https://www.uv.es/uriel/publicaciones/126%202000-12%20ivie.pdf
Castro, J. (2001). Política y economía en la Argentina de los 90. LLILAS. http://lanic.utexas.edu/project/etext/llilas/vrp/castro.pdf
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). Facts about Suicide. Obtenido de https://www.cdc.gov/suicide/facts/index.html
CEPAL. (2019). Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible. Recuperado el 06 de octubre de 2020, de Umbral de Pobreza: https://cepalstat-prod.cepal.org/cepalstat/tabulador/ConsultaIntegrada.asp?idIndicador=3682&idioma=e
Chandler, A. (2020). Socioeconomic inequalities of suicide: Sociological and psychological intersections. European Journal of Social Theory, 23(1), 33–51. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368431018804154
Chirivella, V. (2015). Hipótesis en el modelo de regresión lineal por Mínimos Cuadrados Ordinarios. Estadística e Investigación Operativa Aplicadas y Calidad. https://riunet.upv.es/bitstream/handle/10251/53302/Hip%F3tesis%20en%20el%20modelo%20de%20regresi%F3n%20lineal%20por%20M%EDnimos%20Cuadrados%20Ordinarios.pdf?sequence=1
Curtis, B., Curtis, C., & Fleet, R. (2013). Socio-economic factors and suicide: The importance of inequality. New Zeland Sociology, 28(2), 77-92.
De la Torre, A., & Mascaró, Y. (2011). La gran crisis ecuatoriana de finales de los noventa: debacle de banca, moneda y deuda. Obtenido de https://www.planv.com.ec/sites/default/files/de_la_torre_-_la_gran_crisis_dic_2011_0.pdf
Dong, B., Egger, P. H., & Guo, Y. (2020). Is poverty the mother of crime? Evidence from homicide rates in China. PloS one, 15(5), e0233034. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233034
Dunaway, R. G., Cullen, F. T., Burton, V., & Evans, D. T. (2000). The myth of social class and crime revised: An examination of class and adult criminality. Criminology, 38, 589-632.
Durkheim, É. (1897). Le suicide. Étude de sociologie.
Fajnzylber, O., Ledereman, D., & Loayza, N. (2002). Inequality and violent crime. The Journal of Law and Economic, 45(1), 1-40.
Gujarati, D., & Porter, D. (2009). Basic Econometrics. Fifth Edition (Fifth Edition ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Heikkinen, M., Isometsa, E., MJ, M., Aro, H., & Lonnqvist, J. (1995). Social factors in suicide. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 167, 747-753.
Herrera, N. (Noviembre de 2012). La crisis financiera de 1998-99 y el relevo de los grupos financieros en el Ecuador. FLACSO Ecuador. https://repositorio.flacsoandes.edu.ec/bitstream/10469/5276/2/TFLACSO-2012NEHR.pdf
Hutcheson, G. (2011). Ordinary Least-Squares Regression. En L. Moutinho, & G. Hutcheson, The SAGE Dictionary of Quantitative Management Research (págs. 224-228). https://datajobs.com/data-science-repo/OLS-Regression-[GD-Hutcheson].pdf
Ignacio, F., & Santos, M. (2018). Las múltiples dimensiones de la pobreza: posadas en el contexto de la Argentina urbana. Visión de Futuro, 22, 117-136. https://www.redalyc.org/journal/3579/357959312007/html/
Jarjoura, G.R., Triplett, R.A. & Brinker, G.P. (2002). Growing Up Poor: Examining the Link Between Persistent Childhood Poverty and Delinquency. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 18, 159–187. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015206715838
Kelly, J., & Evans, M. D. (2017). The new income inequiality and well-being paradigm: Income inequality has no effect on happiness in rich nationa and normal times, varies effect in extraordinaru circumtances, increases happiness in poor nations, and interacts with individuals´perceptions, attitudes, politics, and expectations for the future. Social Science Research, 62, 39-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2016.12.007
Larrea, C. (2004). Dolarización, crisis y pobreza en el Ecuador. https://www.fes-ecuador.org/fileadmin/user_upload/pdf/078%20DOLPOB2004_0418.pdf
Lindert, J. (2015). Regular worshop: Poverty, hopelessness and suicide. 8th European Public Health Conference. Ultrecht: European Public Health Association.
Macías, H. (2002). La crisis argentina: origen, evolución y lecciones. Semestre Económico, 5(10). https://revistas.udem.edu.co/index.php/economico/article/view/1379
Maclsaac, M., Bugeja, L., & Jelinek, G. (2017). The association between exposure to interpersonal violence and suicide among women: a systematic review. Aust N Z J Public Helath, 41(1), 61-69.
Mert, Y. (2015). Generalized least squares and weighted least swuares estimation methods for distributional parameters. REVSTAT, Statistical Journa, 13(3), 263–282.
Mesías, A. (2002). La crisis bancaria de 1999. Un análisis a partir de la teoría de información asimétrica. Cuestiones Económicas, 18. https://www.bce.fin.ec/cuestiones_economicas/images/PDFS/2002/No2/Vol.18-2-2002ANDREAMESIAS.pdf
Messner, S. (1982). Poverty, Inequality, and the Urban Homicide Rate: SOme Unexpected Findings. Criminology, 20(1), 103-114.
Messner, S. F., & Rosenfeld, R. (1997). Political restraint of the market and levels of criminal homicide: A cross-national application of institutional-anomie theory. Social Forces, 75, 1393-1416.
Millán, H. (1999). Las causas de la crisis financiera en México. Economía, Sociedad y Territorio, 2(5) 25-66. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/111/11100502.pdf
Miller, S., & Roby, P. (1970). THe Future of Inequality. New York, EE.UU.: Basic Books.
Musacchio, A. (2012). Mexico’s financial crisis of 1994-1995. Harvard Business School Working Paper. https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/9056792/12-101.pdf
National Center for Injury Prevention and Contro. (2016). Preventing Multiple Forms of Violence: A Strategic Vision fo Connecting the Dots. https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/about/connectingthedots.html
Novales, A. (2010). Análisis de Regresión. Universidad Complutense, Departamento de EconomÌa Cuantitativa. https://www.ucm.es/data/cont/docs/518-2013-11-13-Analisis%20de%20Regresion.pdf
Paré, P. P. (2014). Indicator of police performance and their relationahips to cross-national homicide rate across 77 national. International Criminal Criminal Justice Review, 24, 254-270.
Parker, R. N. (1989). Poverty, Sebculture of Violence, and Type of Homicide. Social Forces, 67(4), 983-1007.
Parker, R. N., & Smith, M. D. (1979). Deterrence, Poverty, and Type of Homicide. American Journal of Sociology, 85(3), 614-624.
Platt, S. (2016). Inequalities and Suicidal Behavior. En R. O´Connor, & J. Pirkis, The International Handbook of Suicide Prevention. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pogge, T. (2013). Poverty and Violence. Law, Ethics, and Philosophy, 1, 87-111.
Ritchie, H., Roser, M., & Ortiz-Ospine, E. (2019). Our World in Data. Recuperado el 06 de octubre de 2020, de Suicide: https://ourworldindata.org/suicide
Robert, S. (1999). Socioeconomic position and health: the independent contribution of community socioeconomic context. Annu Rev Sociol, 25, 489-516.
Meghan L. Rogers & William Alex Pridemore (2022) Perceived Inequality and Cross-National Homicide Rates. Justice Quarterly, 39(2), 225-251, https://doi.org/10.1080/07418825.2020.1729392
Rojas, M. (2003). Historia de la crisis argentina. https://www.cadal.org/libros/pdf/Historia_de_la_Crisis_Argentina.pdf
Roser, M., & Ritchie, H. (2019). Our World in Data. Recuperado el 06 de octubre de 2020, de Homicides: https://ourworldindata.org/homicides
Rossow, I. (2000). Suicide, Violence and Child Abuse: A Review of the Impact of Alcohol Consumption on Social Problems. Contemporary Drug Problems, 27(3), 397-433.
Schmidheiny, K. (2020). The Multiple Linear Regression Model. 1-16. Obtenido de https://www.schmidheiny.name/teaching/ols.pdf
Stack, S. (1984). Income inequality and Property Crime: A Cross-National Analysis of Relative Deprivation Theory. Criminology, 22(2), 229-256.
Subramanian, S. V., & Paolo Belli, K. (2002). The macroeconomic determinants of health. Annu Rev Public Health, 23, 287-302.
Teichman, J. (2019). Inequality in Twentieth-Century Latin America: Path Dependence, Countermovements, and Reactive Sequences. Social Science History, 43(1), 131-157.
Tollesfsen, A. F. (2020). Experienced poverty and local conflict violence. Conflict Management and Peace Science, 37(3), 323-349.
Townsend, P. (1974). Poverty as relative deprivation: resources and style of living. En D. Wedderburn, Poverty, Inequality and Class Structure. Cambridge: Cambridge University.
Universidad de Santiago de Compostela. (2012). Regresión lineal simple. Departamento de estadística e investigación operativa, 1-31. http://eio.usc.es/eipc1/BASE/BASEMASTER/FORMULARIOS-PHP-DPTO/MATERIALES/Mat_50140116_Regr_%20simple_2011_12.pdf
Webster, C., & Kingston, S. (2014). Anti-Poverty Strategies for the UK. Centre fo Applied Social Reserach.
World Health Organization. (2002). Self-directed violence. Recuperado el 2021, de http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention
World Health Organization. (2020). Suicide data. Recuperado el 30 de septiembre de 2020, de https://www.who.int/mental_health/prevention/suicide/suicideprevent/en/
Arnaudo, J., Querol, L. y Pérez, G. (2003). Crisis del Tequila: sus efectos sobre el sistema financiero argentino y sus normas prudenciales. Trabajo final de Maestría en Dirección de Empresas. Universidad del Cema. https://repositorio.uca.edu.ar/handle/123456789/2240
Arroyo Abad, L., & Astorga Junquera, P. (2017). Latin American earnings inequiality in the long run. Cliometrica, 11(3), 349-374. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11698-016-0150-9
Asturias Corporación Universitaria. (2015). Multicolinealidad, Heterocedasticidad, Autocorrelación. Nota técnica. Asturias Corporación Universitaria. https://www.centro-virtual.com/recursos/biblioteca/pdf/econometria/unidad3_pdf1.pdf
Banco Mundial. (2020). Índice de Gini. Recuperado el 22 de septiembre de 2020, de https://datos.bancomundial.org/indicador/SI.POV.GINI?locations=BR-AR-CL-EC-PE-CO-BO
Chacón, S., & Banda, H. (2005). La crisis financiera mexicana de 1994: una visión política-económica. Foro Internacional, XLV(3), 445-465. https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=59921013004
Baronio, A., & Vianco, A. (2014). Datos de Panel. 1-24. http://www.econometricos.com.ar/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/datos-de-panel.pdf
Becker, G. S. (1968). Crime and punishment: An economic approach. Journal of Political Economy, 76(2), 169-217. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1830482
Blau, J. R., & Blau, P. M. (1982). The Cost of Inequality: Metropolitan Structure and Violent Crime. American Sociological Review, 47(1), 114–129. https://doi.org/10.2307/2095046
Machado, D.B., Rasella, D., dos Santos, D.N. (2015) Impact of Income Inequality and Other Social Determinants on Suicide Rate in Brazil. PLOS ONE, 10(4): e0124934. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0124934
Bourguignon, F. (1998). Crime as a Social Cost of Poverty and Inequality: A Review Focusing on Developing Countries (unpublished manuscripts). World Bank, Development Economics Research Groups.
Braithwaite, J. (1979). Inequality, crime and public policy. Londrés: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
Casquel, E., & Uriel, E. (2000). Un estudio comparativo del estimador de Mínimos Cuadrados Generalizados para modelos de Panel. Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Económicas, S.A. https://www.uv.es/uriel/publicaciones/126%202000-12%20ivie.pdf
Castro, J. (2001). Política y economía en la Argentina de los 90. LLILAS. http://lanic.utexas.edu/project/etext/llilas/vrp/castro.pdf
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). Facts about Suicide. Obtenido de https://www.cdc.gov/suicide/facts/index.html
CEPAL. (2019). Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible. Recuperado el 06 de octubre de 2020, de Umbral de Pobreza: https://cepalstat-prod.cepal.org/cepalstat/tabulador/ConsultaIntegrada.asp?idIndicador=3682&idioma=e
Chandler, A. (2020). Socioeconomic inequalities of suicide: Sociological and psychological intersections. European Journal of Social Theory, 23(1), 33–51. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368431018804154
Chirivella, V. (2015). Hipótesis en el modelo de regresión lineal por Mínimos Cuadrados Ordinarios. Estadística e Investigación Operativa Aplicadas y Calidad. https://riunet.upv.es/bitstream/handle/10251/53302/Hip%F3tesis%20en%20el%20modelo%20de%20regresi%F3n%20lineal%20por%20M%EDnimos%20Cuadrados%20Ordinarios.pdf?sequence=1
Curtis, B., Curtis, C., & Fleet, R. (2013). Socio-economic factors and suicide: The importance of inequality. New Zeland Sociology, 28(2), 77-92.
De la Torre, A., & Mascaró, Y. (2011). La gran crisis ecuatoriana de finales de los noventa: debacle de banca, moneda y deuda. Obtenido de https://www.planv.com.ec/sites/default/files/de_la_torre_-_la_gran_crisis_dic_2011_0.pdf
Dong, B., Egger, P. H., & Guo, Y. (2020). Is poverty the mother of crime? Evidence from homicide rates in China. PloS one, 15(5), e0233034. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233034
Dunaway, R. G., Cullen, F. T., Burton, V., & Evans, D. T. (2000). The myth of social class and crime revised: An examination of class and adult criminality. Criminology, 38, 589-632.
Durkheim, É. (1897). Le suicide. Étude de sociologie.
Fajnzylber, O., Ledereman, D., & Loayza, N. (2002). Inequality and violent crime. The Journal of Law and Economic, 45(1), 1-40.
Gujarati, D., & Porter, D. (2009). Basic Econometrics. Fifth Edition (Fifth Edition ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Heikkinen, M., Isometsa, E., MJ, M., Aro, H., & Lonnqvist, J. (1995). Social factors in suicide. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 167, 747-753.
Herrera, N. (Noviembre de 2012). La crisis financiera de 1998-99 y el relevo de los grupos financieros en el Ecuador. FLACSO Ecuador. https://repositorio.flacsoandes.edu.ec/bitstream/10469/5276/2/TFLACSO-2012NEHR.pdf
Hutcheson, G. (2011). Ordinary Least-Squares Regression. En L. Moutinho, & G. Hutcheson, The SAGE Dictionary of Quantitative Management Research (págs. 224-228). https://datajobs.com/data-science-repo/OLS-Regression-[GD-Hutcheson].pdf
Ignacio, F., & Santos, M. (2018). Las múltiples dimensiones de la pobreza: posadas en el contexto de la Argentina urbana. Visión de Futuro, 22, 117-136. https://www.redalyc.org/journal/3579/357959312007/html/
Jarjoura, G.R., Triplett, R.A. & Brinker, G.P. (2002). Growing Up Poor: Examining the Link Between Persistent Childhood Poverty and Delinquency. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 18, 159–187. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015206715838
Kelly, J., & Evans, M. D. (2017). The new income inequiality and well-being paradigm: Income inequality has no effect on happiness in rich nationa and normal times, varies effect in extraordinaru circumtances, increases happiness in poor nations, and interacts with individuals´perceptions, attitudes, politics, and expectations for the future. Social Science Research, 62, 39-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2016.12.007
Larrea, C. (2004). Dolarización, crisis y pobreza en el Ecuador. https://www.fes-ecuador.org/fileadmin/user_upload/pdf/078%20DOLPOB2004_0418.pdf
Lindert, J. (2015). Regular worshop: Poverty, hopelessness and suicide. 8th European Public Health Conference. Ultrecht: European Public Health Association.
Macías, H. (2002). La crisis argentina: origen, evolución y lecciones. Semestre Económico, 5(10). https://revistas.udem.edu.co/index.php/economico/article/view/1379
Maclsaac, M., Bugeja, L., & Jelinek, G. (2017). The association between exposure to interpersonal violence and suicide among women: a systematic review. Aust N Z J Public Helath, 41(1), 61-69.
Mert, Y. (2015). Generalized least squares and weighted least swuares estimation methods for distributional parameters. REVSTAT, Statistical Journa, 13(3), 263–282.
Mesías, A. (2002). La crisis bancaria de 1999. Un análisis a partir de la teoría de información asimétrica. Cuestiones Económicas, 18. https://www.bce.fin.ec/cuestiones_economicas/images/PDFS/2002/No2/Vol.18-2-2002ANDREAMESIAS.pdf
Messner, S. (1982). Poverty, Inequality, and the Urban Homicide Rate: SOme Unexpected Findings. Criminology, 20(1), 103-114.
Messner, S. F., & Rosenfeld, R. (1997). Political restraint of the market and levels of criminal homicide: A cross-national application of institutional-anomie theory. Social Forces, 75, 1393-1416.
Millán, H. (1999). Las causas de la crisis financiera en México. Economía, Sociedad y Territorio, 2(5) 25-66. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/111/11100502.pdf
Miller, S., & Roby, P. (1970). THe Future of Inequality. New York, EE.UU.: Basic Books.
Musacchio, A. (2012). Mexico’s financial crisis of 1994-1995. Harvard Business School Working Paper. https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/9056792/12-101.pdf
National Center for Injury Prevention and Contro. (2016). Preventing Multiple Forms of Violence: A Strategic Vision fo Connecting the Dots. https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/about/connectingthedots.html
Novales, A. (2010). Análisis de Regresión. Universidad Complutense, Departamento de EconomÌa Cuantitativa. https://www.ucm.es/data/cont/docs/518-2013-11-13-Analisis%20de%20Regresion.pdf
Paré, P. P. (2014). Indicator of police performance and their relationahips to cross-national homicide rate across 77 national. International Criminal Criminal Justice Review, 24, 254-270.
Parker, R. N. (1989). Poverty, Sebculture of Violence, and Type of Homicide. Social Forces, 67(4), 983-1007.
Parker, R. N., & Smith, M. D. (1979). Deterrence, Poverty, and Type of Homicide. American Journal of Sociology, 85(3), 614-624.
Platt, S. (2016). Inequalities and Suicidal Behavior. En R. O´Connor, & J. Pirkis, The International Handbook of Suicide Prevention. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pogge, T. (2013). Poverty and Violence. Law, Ethics, and Philosophy, 1, 87-111.
Ritchie, H., Roser, M., & Ortiz-Ospine, E. (2019). Our World in Data. Recuperado el 06 de octubre de 2020, de Suicide: https://ourworldindata.org/suicide
Robert, S. (1999). Socioeconomic position and health: the independent contribution of community socioeconomic context. Annu Rev Sociol, 25, 489-516.
Meghan L. Rogers & William Alex Pridemore (2022) Perceived Inequality and Cross-National Homicide Rates. Justice Quarterly, 39(2), 225-251, https://doi.org/10.1080/07418825.2020.1729392
Rojas, M. (2003). Historia de la crisis argentina. https://www.cadal.org/libros/pdf/Historia_de_la_Crisis_Argentina.pdf
Roser, M., & Ritchie, H. (2019). Our World in Data. Recuperado el 06 de octubre de 2020, de Homicides: https://ourworldindata.org/homicides
Rossow, I. (2000). Suicide, Violence and Child Abuse: A Review of the Impact of Alcohol Consumption on Social Problems. Contemporary Drug Problems, 27(3), 397-433.
Schmidheiny, K. (2020). The Multiple Linear Regression Model. 1-16. Obtenido de https://www.schmidheiny.name/teaching/ols.pdf
Stack, S. (1984). Income inequality and Property Crime: A Cross-National Analysis of Relative Deprivation Theory. Criminology, 22(2), 229-256.
Subramanian, S. V., & Paolo Belli, K. (2002). The macroeconomic determinants of health. Annu Rev Public Health, 23, 287-302.
Teichman, J. (2019). Inequality in Twentieth-Century Latin America: Path Dependence, Countermovements, and Reactive Sequences. Social Science History, 43(1), 131-157.
Tollesfsen, A. F. (2020). Experienced poverty and local conflict violence. Conflict Management and Peace Science, 37(3), 323-349.
Townsend, P. (1974). Poverty as relative deprivation: resources and style of living. En D. Wedderburn, Poverty, Inequality and Class Structure. Cambridge: Cambridge University.
Universidad de Santiago de Compostela. (2012). Regresión lineal simple. Departamento de estadística e investigación operativa, 1-31. http://eio.usc.es/eipc1/BASE/BASEMASTER/FORMULARIOS-PHP-DPTO/MATERIALES/Mat_50140116_Regr_%20simple_2011_12.pdf
Webster, C., & Kingston, S. (2014). Anti-Poverty Strategies for the UK. Centre fo Applied Social Reserach.
World Health Organization. (2002). Self-directed violence. Recuperado el 2021, de http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention
World Health Organization. (2020). Suicide data. Recuperado el 30 de septiembre de 2020, de https://www.who.int/mental_health/prevention/suicide/suicideprevent/en/
Downloads
Published
2022-07-11
Issue
Section
Articles
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Kairos: Journal of Economy, Law and Administrative Sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright
By submitting his work to Kairós, Journal of economic, law and administrative sciences, the author assigns the editor in a non-exclusive manner the rights of reproduction, publication, public communication, distribution and transformation so that it can be published in the journal in electronic version and can be consulted from the magazine's website.
Likewise, the authors authorize their article to be published under a Creative Commons Attribution CC BY-NC-ND license.
The authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:
The authors retain the copyright and guarantee the journal the right to be the first publication of the work as well as licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution CC BY-NC-ND license.
Authors may separately establish additional agreements for the non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in the journal (for example, placing it in an institutional repository or publishing it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are allowed and encouraged to post their work electronically (for example, in institutional repositories or on their own website) after publication, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation. of published works (See The Effect of Open Access).
How to Cite
HOMICIDES AND SUICIDES IN RELATION TO INEQUALITY IN LATIN AMERICA. (2022). Kairos: Journal of Economy, Law and Administrative Sciences, 5(9), 9-27. https://doi.org/10.37135/kai.03.09.01
![Manual de marca](https://i.ibb.co/8mRCcNn/logo-para-manual-de-marca-Kair-s.png"){kind=logo}
