![](data:image/png;base64,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Crisis de la privación de libertad. Penas alternativas y subsidiarias
87
KAIRÓS, revista de ciencias económicas, juridicas y administrativas, 7(12), pp. 82-102. Primer Semestre de 2024
(Ecuador). ISSN 2631-2743. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37135/kai.03.11.05
o compañía, entidad sin nes de lucro o cualquier tipo de actividad económica, nacional o
extranjera, bien sea de forma directa o indirecta.
7. Prohibición de salir del domicilio o del lugar determinado en la sentencia.
8. Pérdida de puntos en la licencia de conducir en las infracciones de tránsito.
9. Restricción del derecho al porte o tenencia de armas.
10. Prohibición de aproximación o comunicación directa con la víctima, sus familiares u otras
personas dispuestas en sentencia, en cualquier lugar donde se encuentren o por cualquier medio
verbal, audiovisual, escrito, informático, telemático o soporte físico o virtual.
11. Prohibición de residir, concurrir o transitar en determinados lugares.
12. Expulsión y prohibición de retorno al territorio ecuatoriano para personas extranjeras.
13. Pérdida de los derechos de participación.
14. Inhabilitación para contratar con el Estado que se aplicará en sentencias condenatorias
ejecutoriadas por delitos de: peculado, enriquecimiento ilícito, cohecho, concusión, tráco de
inuencias, ofertas de realizar tráco de inuencias, testaferrismo, sobreprecios en contratación
pública, actos de corrupción en el sector privado, lavado de activos, asociación ilícita y
delincuencia organizada; pena no privativa de la libertad que será comunicada al organismo
técnico regulatorio del Sistema Nacional de Contratación Pública.
La o el juzgador podrá imponer una o más de estas sanciones, sin perjuicio de las penas previstas
en cada tipo penal (Asamblea Nacional, 2014).
El sentido y alcance del artículo 60 del COIP, sobre todo en las dos últimas líneas, permite
apreciar que estas penas no son propiamente para sustituir a la privación de libertad pues el
texto expresa que ellas se pueden imponer sin perjuicio de las penas previstas en cada tipo
penal, que, generalmente, establece una sanción privativa de libertad. De manera que, la
legislación ecuatoriana no ofrece mayores posibilidades para alternar, sustituir o subsidiar las
penas privativas de libertad. Las previstas en el artículo 60 del COIP citado, en la doctrina son
consideradas como penas accesorias, es decir, se pueden imponer además de la principal.
La comunidad internacional viene demandando, a través de diferentes cuerpos jurídicos
internacionales, dar solución a la crisis carcelaria y buscar fórmulas alternativas, sustitutivas
o subsidiarias para disminuir, en tanto sea posible, la privación de libertad. En cuanto
al funcionamiento de los centros de privación de libertad, se ha exigido por la comunidad
internacional que les ofrezca a los sancionados o sujetos a prisión preventiva un tratamiento
adecuado, unas condiciones de vida digna, con iluminación, agua, alimentación, sistemas de
seguridad correctos, agentes penitenciarios profesionalmente aptos y sucientes, relaciones
positivas, entre otros aspectos, que favorecen la rehabilitación social.
En la etapa contemporánea existe un consenso internacional sobre las formas en que es