![](data:image/png;base64,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)
KAIRÓS, revista de ciencias económicas, juridicas y administrativas, 7(12), pp. 44-62. Primer Semestre de 2024
(Ecuador). ISSN 2631-2743. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37135/kai.03.12.03
Los costos de oportunidad para emprendedores en la ciudad de Riobamba
47
Esta situación convierte a Ecuador en uno de los países con oportunidades y facilidades para
los emprendimientos, fortaleciendo y dinamizando su economía (Zamora, 2018). Por otro lado,
los emprendimientos pueden nacer por necesidad y oportunidad, están relacionados con las
necesidades del emprendedor (Lasio et al., 2020, p.7) y su situación económica, conrmando
que, a mayor índice de desempleo, mayor probabilidad de nacimiento de un emprendedor, tal
como menciona el GEM (2020).
Asimismo, los emprendedores inician un emprendimiento en un 82,71% por la escasez de
empleo, iniciando con inversiones bajas, cuyas fuentes de nanciamiento, en su gran mayoría
son los ahorros personales con un 99,18% en emprendedores nacientes (Lasio et al., 2020). Del
mismo modo, los datos muestran que en el Ecuador existen diferentes indicadores que miden
la actividad emprendedora, como, por ejemplo, nanciamiento, políticas gubernamentales,
educación emprendedora, infraestructura, normas sociales, culturales y tributarias, transferencia
de I+D entre otras (Lasio et al., 2020).
Por otro lado, los emprendimientos sufren distintas debilidades, como: “1) reducción de la
operatividad de los emprendimientos y con ello pérdida de plazas de trabajo; 2) reducción
del capital de riesgo y de las fuentes de nanciamiento, impidiendo la apertura de nuevos
emprendimientos; 3) dicultades en la transformación de las operaciones de las organizaciones
debido a la escasez de servicios digitales asequibles; 4) baja capacidad de adaptación y
reinvención de los emprendimientos comerciales; y 5) reducción del capital humano orientado
hacia el emprendimiento” (Lasio et al. 2020, p.4)
Los datos muestran que en un 25,2% de los emprendedores desisten de sus iniciativas por
falta de rentabilidad, mientras que un 16,6% por problemas de nanciamiento (Lasio et al.,
2020). Asimismo, los estudios a nivel mundial del GEM muestran que, del total de negocios
culminados, el 85,66% han terminado de manera negativa; es decir, clausura de un negocio
debido a debido a su no rentabilidad, problemas nancieros, motivos familiares/personales,
incidentes varios, o impuestos/burocracia gubernamental (GEM, 2020).
Otro aspecto importante es la participación de la mujer en la actividad emprendedora. El índice
de actividad emprendedora temprana para el segmento femenino alcanza el 33,6%, donde el
40% trabajan por cuenta propia, y los sectores más emprendidos son en la agricultura, ganadería,
silvicultura y pesca, y comercio al por mayor y menor, donde sus ingresos mensuales alcanzan
alrededor de 126 dólares (Amaya y Samaniego, 2023).
Existen diversos estudios que intentan identicar las razones sobre las dicultades que pueden
tener los emprendimientos para lograr el éxito, la sostenibilidad económica y reducir los niveles
de fracaso, las estrategias de mejora de las distintas debilidades es contar con las herramientas