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KAIRÓS, revista de ciencias económicas, juridicas y administrativas, 6(10), pp. 116-128. Primer Semestre de 2023
(Ecuador). ISSN 2631-2743. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37135/kai.03.10.06
122
Andrea Calahorrano, Nathaly Guadalupe Sancan, Efrén Montenegro
En esta ocasión se va a realizar un análisis de cinco (5) bancos considerados como los más
grandes tanto por los activos, pasivos, patrimonio, fondos de liquidez y utilidades nancieras
que administran siendo estos: Pichincha, Pacíco, Guayaquil, Internacional y Bolivariano. El
horizonte temporal para este análisis es de enero del 2018 a diciembre del 2021, se consideró
prudente este periodo de tiempo puesto que servirá de ayuda para realizar comparaciones con
respecto a las variaciones que se ha presentado en el periodo de estudio.
Tal como se muestra en la tabla 1, los bancos con mayores activos son Pichincha y Pacíco,
al igual que en pasivos, patrimonio y fondos de liquidez, no así en utilidades nancieras que
Guayaquil supera a Pacíco.
Tabla 1. Ranking de los cinco principales bancos de Ecuador para 2021
No Banco Activos Pasivos Patrimonio Fondos Liquidez Utilidades
nancieras
1 Pichincha $13,400,415,392.53 $12,056,030,844.47 $1,344,384,548.06 $183,836,011.06 $20,795,886.58
2Pacíco $7,049,883,861.45 $6,230,964,882.59 $818,918,978.86 $90,925,766.94 $8,709,868.11
3 Guayaquil $6,364,653,474.04 $5,762,316,751.59 $602,336,722.45 $85,200,353.47 $21,351,312.58
4 Internacional $4,450,920,895.23 $4,024,741,020.74 $426,179,874.49 $61,171,677.91 $6,307,945.06
5 Bolivariano $4,459,657,015.19 $4,053,007,827.93 $406,649,187.26 $60,269,198.25 $6,124,998.03
Nota: Información obtenida de la página de Superintendencia de Bancos (2021)
Esta investigación utilizó indicadores de concentración de mercado para medir la competencia
del sector bancario privado ecuatoriano en el año 2021, los indicadores principales bancarios
utilizados son: activos, pasivos, patrimonio, fondos de liquidez y utilidades nancieras con
el objetivo de categorizar o calicar los cinco Bancos más grandes del Ecuador. De acuerdo
con la información obtenida de la Superintendencia de Bancos el Banco del Pichincha en el
año 2021 y tal como se evidenció en la tabla 1, se posicionó en el primer lugar, seguido por el
Banco del Pacíco en segundo lugar, en tercer lugar, el Banco de Guayaquil, en cuarto lugar, el
Banco Internacional y por último el Banco Bolivariano.
Los resultados de los indicadores que permiten evaluar el riesgo se presentan a continuación y
guardan relación con la suciencia patrimonial (C), la calidad de los activos (A), la gerencia y
eciencia microeconómica (M), utilidades y benecios (E), liquidez (L) y la sensibilidad a los
riesgos de mercado (S).
Suciencia Patrimonial (C)
La suciencia patrimonial está íntimamente ligado al índice de capitalización neta (C1) y a la
cobertura patrimonial de activos improductivos (C2). Para los bancos estudiados la evolución
de la suciencia patrimonial se muestra en la gura 1.